桉树人工林生态退化与恢复研究进展

An overview of ecological degradation and restoration of Eucalyptus plantation

针对近年关于桉树人工林生态环境效应的争论,简要分析了国内外在桉树人工林生态退化与恢复领域的最新研究进展,并形成3点认识:桉树人工林生态退化通常表现为林地土壤退化、生物多样性减弱和生产力下降,而林地水土流失、人类不合理活动及桉树的化感作用是导致生态退化的重要原因;桉树人工林的生态恢复必须采取科学的技术对策,如开展水土保持、保护生物多样性、调控林地生产力;未来对桉树人工林生态退化及其恢复研究的主要方向可能是从多学科交叉的角度和在分子、细胞水平上研究桉树的生态适应性与生态环境效应,其重点是探索桉树与其他外来植物的生态学关系。本文为桉树人工林的持续经营及客观、科学地评价其生态环境问题提供了一定依据。

New research advances in ecological degradation and restoration of Eucalyptus plantation were analyzed from the point of view of eco-environmental effect of Eucalyptus plantation in recent past. Three cognitive conclusions were arrived at： Ecological degradation of Eucalyptus plantation usually leads to soil degradation, decrease in biodiversity and forestland productivity. These are mainly driven by soil and water loss in forestlands, unreasonable human activity and allelopathic effect of Eucalyptus species. Scien- tific strategy and technology such as soil and water conservation, biodiversity protection and forestland productivity regulation must be implemented in ecological restoration of Eucalyptus plantation. Multi-disciplinary research on ecological adaptability and eco-environmental effect of Eucalyptus species at molecular and cellular levels could be a promising direction of future studies on ecological degradation and Eucalyptus plantation restoration. Moreover, exploring ecological relationship between Eucalyptus spe- cies and other exotic plant species is key to successful future studies.