太阳辐射接受面最佳倾角的计算与分析

Investigation on Optimum Tilt Angles of Solar Radiation Absorbing Surfaces

以一段时间内接受到最大太阳辐射量为目标,根据典型气象年的逐时气象数据,对全国一些主要城市的月、季以及年的太阳辐射接受面的最佳倾角进行了计算.计算结果表明:气候条件对最佳倾角的选择影响较大,以当地纬度为基础的估算误差较大,气候条件的差异导致不同地区相应时间段内的最佳倾角有较大波动.与全年定倾角的接受面相比,按月调整倾角,全年接受的辐射量可增加3%～15%.另外,对于大部分地区,将接受面的方位角设置向东偏一定角度可以有效增加接受到的辐射量.

For the purpose of absorbing most solar energy in a specified period, according to the hourly weather data of the typical meteorological year, the calculation method of the optimum tilt angles of fixed solar radiation absorbing surfaces is investigated on monthly,seasonal and yearly basis. Major representative cities in China are considered. The analysis results show that optimum tilt angles are different from place to place due to different climatic conditions. It will cause large differ- ence through estimate base on latitude. Compared with surfaces with same tilt angles during a year,3-15% more solar radia- tion can be received on the tilt surfaces when different tilt angles are adopted in different seasons during a year. Moreover,in most areas,more solar radiation can be received if the absorbing surface is set a little towards east.