深圳市职业病危害风险分析评估

Risk Analysis and Assessment on Occupational Hazards in Shenzhen City

目的阐明深圳市职业病的发病规律,并对其进行风险评估,为深圳市职业病危害防治体系的建设提供依据。方法对该市2000—2007年职业病诊断档案和职业病报告卡资料进行回顾性分析。结果该市2000—2007年共发病671例,以机械五金行业病例最多,总数为158例。各类有机溶剂中,以三氯乙烯中毒人数最多,为147例。结论该市机械五金、电子、印刷、塑胶玩具和宝石企业属于职业病危害高风险的行业。三氯乙烯、正己烷、二氯乙烷和苯等有机溶剂以及宝石粉尘属于职业病危害高风险的有害因素。蓄电池企业铅中毒和强噪声作业的听力损伤的风险在今后仍依然存在。塑胶行业引起的有机锡中毒和纺织服装业发生的二甲基甲酰胺中毒是职业病危害的风险隐患。

[ Objective ] To elucidate the incidence of occupational diseases in Shenzhen City, and assess the risk of the occupational disease, so as to provide evidence for developing occupational hazard prevention and control system. [ Methods] Occupational diseases diagnostic files and report cards information were retrospectively analyzed. [ Results] A total of 671 cases were reported, most cases （158 cases） were in mechanical hardware industry. 147 cases were trichlorethylene poisonings which took the major of organic solvents poisonings. [ Conclusion] Major high risk trades of occupation disease in Shenzhen include mechanical hardware industry, electronic industry, print industry, plastic toy industry and sapphire industry. The organic solvents of trichloroethylene, hexane, dichloroethane and benzene as well as stone dust are high risk factors of occupation hazards. Lead poisoning in storage battery industry and audition injure by strong noise will still exist for a long time. It is a potential safety hazard in occupational disease that is poisoned by organic tin in olastic trade and bv dimethvlformamide in textile and clothing industry.