低强度噪声对作业人员危害情况的分析

Analysis of Effect of Low Intensity Noise on Operating Workers

目的探讨低强度噪声对作业人员身体的危害情况。方法使用声级计测定作业环境噪声强度,使用听力计测定接触低强度噪声[81.5～84.5dB(A)]某加工企业作业工人125人的听力,并调查作业人员的工龄,自觉症状(头晕,耳鸣,失眠,记忆力减退)及体检的心电图结果;采用不接触噪声的作业人员122人常规体检的结果作为对照。结果接触低强度噪声作业人员的噪声性高频听力损失率为25.2%,且随着工龄增长而高频听力损失率增加,各项自觉症状与对照组相比(P<0.01),差异有统计学意义;心电图结果与对照组相比(P>0.05),差异无统计学意义。结论长期暴露在低强度噪声下的作业人员,高频听力损失较严重,自觉症状很明显,为保护作业工人不发生职业性噪声聋及工伤事故发生,建议加强这类人员的个体防护。

[ Objective] To explore the effect of low intensity noise on the body of workers. [ Methods ] Sound level meter was adopted to measure environmental noise intensity ; acoumeter was applied to measure the hearing of 125 low intensity noise [ 81.5 - 84.5dB（A） ] exposed workers; length of service, subjective symptom（ dizziness, tinnitus, insomnia, hypomnesis ） , and ECG were investigated; 122 workers, who did not expose to noise, were selected as control group. [ Results ] Low intensity noise exposed workers, the high frequency hearing loss rate was 25.2%, and along with length of service growing the hearing loss rate increased; compared with control group, the difference of subjective symptom was significant （ P 〈 0.01 ） ; but the difference of ECG between the 2 groups was not significant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion ] The long term exposure to low intensity noise causes serious high frequency hearing loss and obvious subjective symptoms, so to avoid the occurrence of occupational noise deafness and industrial accident cause by low intensity noise, it is suggested to strengthen individual protection for these workers.