煤矿井下作业工人脂肪肝的发病情况及营养状况

Incidence of Fatty Liver and Nutrition Status of Underground Miners

目的探讨煤矿井下工人脂肪肝发病情况及与体力劳动、膳食营养状况的关系。为脂肪肝的防治提供科学依据。方法采用食物频数问卷法对206名煤矿井下作业工人和169名井上工人进行膳食调查和体格检杳,以肝脏超声检查确定脂肪肝发病并进行统计分析。结果某矿区从事极重体力劳动的井下作业工人脂肪肝的发病率为8.25%,从事轻体力劳动的井上工人脂肪肝的发病率为14.79%。两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。井下和井上工人膳食中食用油的摄入分别为37和43g,均显著高于中国营养学会推荐的参考摄入量(<25g)。蔬菜、水果的摄入量分别为240、251和83、92g,低于中国营养学会推荐的参考摄入量。相应的2组工人能量的摄入均高于每日营养素供给量标准(RNI),维生素B2、维生素C、Ca等营养素的摄入低于RNI,2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论从事极重体力劳动的煤矿井下作业工人脂肪肝的发病率低于从事轻体力劳动的井上工人。两者的膳食中食用油的摄入量大大高于中国营养学会推荐的参考摄入量,蔬菜、水果的摄入量又低于中国营养学会推荐的参考摄入量。提示煤矿工人应注意调整膳食结构,同时井上工人应加强体育锻练,减少脂肪肝的发生。

[ Objective ] To investigate the incidence of fatty liver of coal miners and the relationship among fatty liver, physical activity and dietary nutritional status, and provide scientific evidence for prevention and treatment of fatty liver. [Methods] Food frequency questionnaire and medical examination were conducted on 206 underground miners and 169 other workers. The fatty liver was diagnosed by ultrasonic inspection, and the results were statistically analyzed. [ Results ] The fatty liver incidence of underground miners with heavy physical activity was 8.25%, compared with 14.79% of other workers with light physical activity, the difference was significant （ P 〈0.05 ）. The intake of oil in underground miners and other workers was 37g and 43g which were significant higher than the dietary reference intakes （ 〈25 g） recommended by China Nutrition Community, and the intakes of green vegetables and fruits were 240g, 251g, and 83g, 92 g respectively, lower than the dietary reference intakes. The energy intake of the 2 groups was higher than RNI, while the intakes of Vitamin B2 , Vitamin C, Ca and other nutrients were lower than RNI, the difference between the 2 groups was not significant. [ Conclusion ] The incidence of fatty liver in underground coal miners is lower than that of other workers in coal mine. Their intake of oil are both significant higher than the dietary reference intakes （ 〈 25 g ）, while the intakes of green vegetables and fruits are lower than the dietary reference intakes. It is suggested that underground miners should pay attention to adjust the dietary pattern, while other workers should strengthen physical exercise to reduce the occurrence of fatty liver.