一种长距离精密三维点位监测新方法

A method of long distance 3D precision coordinate surveying

根据三角高程测量、误差传播定律和统计学原理,结合大气折光系数计算模型,提出了一种利用高低棱镜的同时对向观测方法,采用"后前前后"的观测顺序对一个测段进行偶数条边观测,完全消除了仪镜高测量带来的误差.以往返测大气折光系数相同为前提,利用这种同时对向观测高差数据反算统计出一天各时刻的大气折光系数均值,对实时的监测数据进行改正,提高了测量速度与可靠性.采用此方法在某大桥大跨度悬索桥主缆进行三维线形监测,其监测结果与理论线形吻合良好.图4,表1,参6.

A simuhaneous subtending surveying method with high-low prism is put forward in this paper based on triangle elevation survey,error transmission law, statistics principles and atmosphere refraction calculating model. The order of back-front-front-back is obeyed to survey with even number side of a surveying segment so that we can avoid the error brought by surveying of instrument and prism completely. Based on the same atmosphere refraction coefficient of toward and return surveying, simultaneous subtending surveying data are used to inverse atmosphere refraction coefficient of the whole day, and to correct real-time surveying data, which helps to increase surveying efficiency and reliability. It is verified in the construction surveying process of a great suspend rope bridge. Linear fitting of three dimension surveying data of main-cable is completely consistent with the verified result of theory project.