广西两面针野生种质资源调查研究

Survey of wild germplasm of Zanthoxylum nitidum in Guangxi

采用实地调查和走访调查相结合的方法对两面针在广西的野生种质资源情况进行调查。结果表明:广西民间使用两面针药材的基源植物有18种(含变种)。正品两面针有2个变种,原变种和毛两面针,原变种下又分为3个类型。两面针的植物形态和群落特征与生长的地形地貌有一定的相关性,原变种类型一通常生于丘陵地区,原变种类型二、类型三和毛两面针通常生于石山地区,各变种和类型的形态特征主要区别在叶片质地和植株的被毛情况。两面针生长的群落结构乔木层构成通常比较单一,灌木层、草本层相对复杂。由于生境破坏和不合理采收,广西两面针分布面积正逐年减小,经调查后估算,总蕴藏量(干重)约为2600t,资源短缺十分明显。建议采取各种积极的办法保护两面针野生种质资源,保证两面针的可持续利用。

Survey on wild germplasm of Zanthoxylum nitidum in Guangxi was conducted via field investigation and interview investigation. It was concluded that there were 18 different species and variaties used as folk medicine of Radix Zanthoxyli in Guangxi. The real origin plant Z. nitidum has two variaties named Z. nitidurn var. tomentosum, and Z. nitidum var. nitidum which is made of three types too. The characteristics of plant morphology and community of Z. nitidum are relative to the growing landform condition of the plant, type Ⅰ usually growing in upland area, while type Ⅱ, type Ⅲ and Z. nitidum var. tomentosum in rock mountain area. The difference of morphological characteristics of each variaty and type is mainly on leaf texture and pubescence on the surface of plant. In its growth community structure, the structure of arbor layer is unique, but the ones of shrub and herbage are relatively complex. Due to ecology destroy and unreasonable collecting, the resource of Z. nitidum in Guangxi has been reducing. Through the survey,it can be assessed that total deposit of wild resources of Z. nitidum is about 2 600 ton. The resource is obviously in great shortage. It is suggested that active methods should be adopted for protecting wild resource of Z. nitidum to keep its sustainable utilization.