社群主义视野下的国际关系伦理

International Relations Ethics from the Perspective of Communitarianism

社群主义是20世纪80年代开始流行的、与自由主义相对的一种政治哲学。当它运用至国际关系领域,对国际政治做出伦理判断时,首先强调国家而非个人的道德地位。依据这一前提,民族国家共同体不仅在其成员间塑造了一种共同的身份和认同,而且界定了他们之间的权利与义务;共同体拥有诸种道德权利,其中最为重要的是免遭外部干涉的自决权。在人道主义干预和全球分配正义等重大的国际关系伦理问题上,社群主义的上述立场得到较为明显的体现。作为一种具有特殊主义倾向的国际正义观,社群主义在主张国际社会文化多元化和国际共处伦理的同时,也有滑向道德相对主义的危险。

Communitarianism become popular from the 80's of the 20th century, and it is a political philosophy opposite to liberalism. When it is used in the field of international relations, and make an ethical judgment for international politics, first of all it will emphasize the country's moral status rather than the individual's. Based on the premise, the National Community not only shapes a common identity and recognition among its members, but also defines their rights and obligations; Community has various moral rights, and one of the most important is the self-determination prevented from external interference. At the major questions on international relation such as humanitarian intervention and global distributive justice, the above-mentioned position about communitarianism has been manifested obviously. As the international justice concept with a special tendency, communitarianism advocates cultural pluralism of the international community and the ethics of international coexistence, meanwhile it also has the danger to slide to moral relativism.