杉木优良无性系龙15与闽33双系种子园遗传改良效应分析

Genetic improvement on bi-clonal seed orchard of Chinese fir clone Long-15 and Min-33

分别以未经遗传改良杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata的普种、多系种子园(1代、1.5代和2代种子园)为对照,连续4 a采集种子,测定种子品质,连续2 a营建试验林,进行2(a)次4地点5重复的子代遗传测验,对无性系龙15与闽33双系种子园的遗传改良增益,反交效应以及遗传效应进行了系统的研究。结果表明,双系种子园种子品质现实增益为6.76%～20.44%,除涩籽率外,种子千粒质量、种子生活力和种子活力均优于多系种子园;子代生长在6年生时的材积现实增益达46.14%,比多系种子园大10.63%～21.10%。种子品质和子代侧枝性状的正交与反交存在不同程度差异,子代生长、高径比和冠幅的正交与反交基本相等。树高、胸径和材积生长,主要是由基因加性效应控制,非加性效应也占有较大比例。种子千粒质量、发芽指数和活力指数等表现出超显性效应。

With both the unimproved Cunninghamia lanceolata （Chinese fir） trees（ckl） and the multipleclonal seed orchards （ck2; i.e., first generation, one-and-half generation, and second generation seed orchards） as experimental controls, we studied the genetic improved gain, direct and reciprocal crossing effects, and genetic effects of a bi-clonal Chinese fir seed orchard （clones Long-15 and Min-33）. We measured qualities of seeds collected in four consecutive years, planted seedling in two consecutive years at four different locations with five replications, and analyzed inheritance traits in the progenies. The results showed that compared to ckl, seeds from the bi-clonal seed orchard increased 6.76% - 20.44% quality gains; compared to ck2, thousand-seed weight, seed viability, and seed vigor were superior. The six-year-old progenies derived from the bi-clonal seed orchard had an increase of 46.14% volume gain than ck1, an increase of 10.63% - 21.10% than ck2. Both effects of direct crossing and reciprocal crossing on progeny growth, height-diameter ratio and crown diameter were similar; but height, diameter at breast height （DBH） and volume growth were mostly controlled by the gene additive effect; and thousand-seed weight,germination index and seed vigor showed a super dominant effect. [Ch, 2 fig. 4 tab. 16 ref.]