由“非市场经济”引发的WTO附加义务

WTO-plus Obligations from Non Market Economy Concept

"非市场经济"概念的实践意义主要体现在反倾销诉讼中。该概念在特定的历史环境下产生,在产生之初具有一定的合理性;而今该概念已成为发达国家对经济转型国家的一种贸易政策手段,使经济转型国家在国际贸易中处于劣势地位,阻碍了其经济发展的进程。其中最主要的体现是在WTO体制下,经济转型国家除了承担与市场经济国家同样的义务外,还必须承担更多的附加义务,从而造成了不公平竞争的产生。该文以中国因"非市场经济"而承担的附加义务为例进行进一步说明。

The concept of＂Non Market Economy＂ is commonly applied in the international anti-dumping practice. The targeted exporting countries are categorized as either a market economy （ME） or a non market economy （NME）. For the exporters form NME countries, the calculation of normal value relies on an analogue country methodology, which tends to determine the existence of dumping. The idea of NME has specific background, which implies the rationality of its existence. For the environment has changed significantly nowadays, the inappropriate application of the concept lead to unfair competition. As treated to be NME when entering WTO, transform countries have to bear ＂WTO-plus＂ obligations besides normal obligations, which place these countries a disadvantage position in international trade. The author takes China＇s WTO-plus obligations as example to reveal the points.