明代捐监的产生、发展及影响

Emergence, Development and Influence of Juan Jian in Ming Dynasty

明代捐监在明景泰初年济边饷而开。捐监意为捐出身,不同于政府直接卖官,但也属于一种变相的卖官行为。捐监群体政治地位较低,多授低微的官职。捐监所得银两,能增加国家财政收入,暂时解决军饷、赈济等问题;捐监的影响恶劣,是导致明代中后期选法壅滞、学风日衰、社会腐败的重要原因。

Juan Jian appeared when the country had badly economic crisis in Jing Tai of Ming Dynasty. Juan Jian means to buy diploma, and it also belongs to sell government position indirectly. The imperial college students of Juan Jian had low position in the government. The money got from Juan Jian could settle economic difficulty, disaster, and army＇s expense. But most importantly, it made bad influence and result in official corruption and style of study decline, even stasis in election.