起重机横梁有限元分析与结构优化设计

Finite Element Analysis and Optimization Design of Crane Crossbeam

文章分析了起重机横梁传统结构力学方法。在简化焊接部件和相关配件结构基础上,利用Solid-Works建立横梁三维模型。并利用嵌入式软件COSMOSXpress对模型进行线弹性静应力有限元分析。分析表明:横梁的最大等效应力96.584MPa,位于轴孔面的内侧点,最小等效应力位于横梁端面;横梁的最大综合位移0.3589mm,发生在连接板中轴线上;分析数值与许用参数相比存在较大盈余。在此基础上采用安全系数2.0对横梁结构优化设计,得到箱形横梁质量171.149kg,比原设计降低7.2%;最大综合位移0.4714mm,远小于壁厚5mm。根据力学分析以及宽厚比、高厚比的稳定性校核,验证了优化设计的可行性。

This paper analyzed the structure of crane crossbeam in the use of its conventional mechanics analysis. According to the parameters of crossbeam and the simplified structure, this paper has established 3-D crossbeam model in the use of SolidWorks. Then by the embedded software COSMOSXpress analyzed linear elastic static stress of the crossbeam model. The analyzed results show that the maximum stress is 96.584MPa at the point of axis-hole inner side, the minimum stress at the end side of crossbeam and the maximum displacement is 0.3589mm in the neutral axis of connecting plate. There ＇is a great design surplus in the contrast with the allowable value. Due to the surplus, it optimized the crossbeam structure to achieve optimal structural mass 171.149kg which is 7.2 percent lower than the original crossbeam design. And the maximum displacement of optimal crossbeam is 0.4714mm which is much less than the structural steel thickness 5mm. Finally, according to mechanics analysis and high-thickness and width-thickness stability test, the paper has verified the correctness of optimization.