2Koscielniak-Nielsen ZJ, Hesselbjerg L, Fejlberg V. Comparison of transarterial and multiple nerve stimulation techniques for an initial axillary block by 45ml of mepivacaine 1% with adrenaline. Acta Anaesthesiol Seand, 1998,42 :570-575.
4Vester Andersen T, Husum B, Lindeburg T, et al. Perivascular axillary block Ⅳ: blockade following 40, 50 or 60ml of mepivacaine 1% with adrenaline. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1984,28:99-105.
5Partridge BL, Katz J, Benirschke K. Functional anatomy of the brachial plexus sheath:implications for anesthesia. Anesthesiology, 1987,66 :743-747.
6Klaastad, Smedby O, Thompson GE, et al. Distribution of local anesthetic in axillary brachial plexus block:a clinical and magnetic resonance imaging study. Anesthesiology, 2002,96: 1315-1324.
7Sia S, Bartoli M, Lepri A, et al. Multiple injection axillary bra chial plexus block: a comparison of two methods of nerve localization nerve stimulation versus paresthesia. Anesth Analg, 2000,91:647-651.
3Williams SR,Chouinard P,Arcand G,et al.Ultransound guidance speeds execution and improves the quality of supraclavicular block.Anesth Analg,2003,97:1518-1523.
4Perlas A,Chan VW,Simons M,et al.Brachial plexus examination and localization using ultrasound and electrical stimulation:a volunteer study.Anesthesiology,2003,99:429-435.
5Sia S,Bartoli M,Lepri A,Marchini O,et al.Multiple-injection axillary brachial plexus block:a comparison of two methods of nerve localizationnerve stimulation versus paresthesia.Anesth Analg,2000,91:647-651.
6Fanelli G,Casati A,Garancini P,et al.Nerve stimulator and multiple injection technique for upper and lower limb blockade:failure rate,patient acceptance,and neurologic complications.Study Group on Regional Anesthesia.Anesth Analg,1999,88:847-852.
7Ootaki C,Hayashi H,Amano M.Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block:an alternative technique to anatomical landmark-guided approaches.Reg Anesth Pain Med,2000,25:600-604.
