认知偏向研究的进化心理学视角

The Evolutionary Psychological Perspective in the Investigation of Cognitive Biases

这篇文章从进化心理学的视角阐述了认知偏向研究的方法和基本理论,进化心理学认为人类认知存在系统的偏向,这种有偏的认知通常是自然选择设计的特征。认知偏向的误差管理理论认为:如果认知在不确定条件下做出,并且错误肯定和错误否定的错误的成本在进化历史上不对称情况循环出现,自然选择偏爱犯最小成本错误的认知偏向。认知偏向研究的进化心理学方式有助于系统地产生关于领域特定化的认知偏向的预测。

From an evolutionary psychological perspective, the authors elaborate on the methodology and fundamental theory in the research of cognitive biases. This perspective holds that biased cognition may often be a design feature done by evolutionary selection. The error management theory of cognitive biases predicts that if cognitions are made under uncertainty, and the costs of false positive and false negative errors have been asymmetric over evolutionary history, evolutionary selection will favor a bias toward making the least costly error. The approach of evolutinary psychology in the research of cognition biases will contribute to yielding new contentspecific predictions of congnition biases by the number.