论传媒文化在清代文化结构中的地位和作用

On the Status and Functions of Media Culture in the Culture Structure of Qing Dynasty

清代前后期传媒文化的性质不同,它在清代文化结构中的地位和作用也不同。清代前中期,传媒文化发展到了中国古代传媒文化的顶峰和熟烂阶段,但在整个社会文化结构中的地位尚不显著。传媒文化在为清帝国政治大一统提供必要的信息保障的同时,也不可避免地沦为思想和文化专制的工具。清末,传媒文化实现了向近代化的飞跃,其在社会文化结构中的地位和作用亦迥异于前,创造了独立于官方的强大话语体系,进而形成传媒文化与传统主流文化相并峙的局面。传媒文化打破了单纯作为载体文化的功用和范畴,直接参与到清末新文化的创造工程中,促成了文化的大众化趋势,亦成为推动社会变革的重要力量。

As it was different in characters in the early and late period of Qing dynasty, the media culture also owned different status and functions in culture structure. Before mid-Qing dynasty, media culture developed to the peak of the ancient China and has come to a very mature stage; however, its status in the entire socio-cultural structure was not very remarkable. By offering the necessary information security for the great unification of Qing dynasty, the media culture was reduced to be the tool of thoughts and cultural autarchy at the same time. In late Qing dynasty, the media culture (with quite different status and role) achieved a leap forward to the modernization, created a powerful structure discourse system independent from authority, and formed the confrontation with the traditional mainstream. Finally has the media culture freed itself from simple functions and category as a culture carrier, but involved directly in the project of creating the new culture at the end of Qing dynasty, which contributed to the popular trend, and became an important force for social transformation.