婴儿气质对婴儿睡眠的影响研究

A study on influence of temperament on sleep of infant

目的探讨婴儿气质对婴儿睡眠的影响，为制定有效的干预措施提供科学依据，以提高婴儿睡眠质量。方法对自2007年10月至2008年2月在长沙市妇幼保健院儿童保健门诊健康体检的婴儿中，随机选取月龄在6～12个月之间，且无中枢神经系统及发育异常的婴儿进行睡眠评估，符合婴儿睡眠问题诊断标准1项者即纳入睡眠问题组，共有102名婴儿，正常时照组为同期查体无睡眠问题、身体健康婴儿共105名。婴儿气质量表、一般情况调查表和婴儿睡眠问卷调查表由母亲填写完成。结果①在睡眠问题组的102名婴儿中，频繁夜醒的婴儿数最多为83人次，入睡困难39人次，睡眠节律紊乱25人次；②婴儿气质类型在两组间比较有显著性差异（X2=21．537，P〈0．01）；③有睡眠问题的婴儿其气质维度在活动水平、节律性、趋避性、适应性和情绪本质上较无睡眠问题的婴儿得分高，两组比较有显著性差异（均P〈0．01）。结论①困难型气质的婴儿易出现睡眠问题；②父母应针对婴儿气质特点，改善自身育儿行为，营造和谐的睡眠环境，以提高婴儿睡眠质量。

Objective To investigate influence of temperament on sleep of infant, so as to provide scientific basis for working out effective intervention measures to improve quality of sleep of the infants. Methods 207 infants aged 6 ~ 12 months without any abnormalities in central nervous system （CNS） and developmental anomaly who received health physical examination in the Child Health Care Clinic of Changsha Municipal Maternal and Child Health Hospital over a period from October, 2007 to Fabruary, 2008 were randomly selected and received sleeping evaluation. Of which, 102 infants who met at least 1 item of diagnostic creteria of sleeping problem were assigned into sleep problem group and 105 healthy infants who had to sleep problems in the same period were as the controls. Revised infant temperament questionnaire, general information form of infant and self-designed infant sleep investigation questionnaire were filled in by mother of the infant. Results （1） Among 102 infants in the sleep problem group, 83 infants had frequent night waking, 39 infants had difficulty in falling asleep and 25 infants had sleep rhythm disturbance; （2）There were significant differences in temperament types of the infants between the two groups （X2 = 21. 537, P 〈 0.01 ） ; （3）The scores of infants with sleep problems in some temperamental dimensions, such as activity level, rhythmicity, approach or withdrawal, adaptability, quality of emotion were higher than scores of those infants without any sleep problems and there were significant differences （ all P 〈 0. 01 ）. Conclusion （1）The infants with difficult type of temperament are apt to have sleep problems as compared with the controls ; （2） Aiming at temperament characteristics of the infants, the parents of the infant should change their child-rearing behaviors and build a harmonious and comfortable sleep environment to improve sleep quality of the infant.