“借用规模”与非都市区企业的发展

"BORROWEDSIZE "ANDTHE DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL FIRMS IN NON-METRO AREAS

过去人们一直认为小企业和地方化外部经济之间存在着紧密的联系,所以小企业通常都是选择定位于大都市,非都市区外的小企业发展往往比较艰难。然而随着大都市外部不经济的增加,弹性生产方式逐步替代大规模生产的福特制以及交通通讯的快速发展使得交通成本的比重越来越低,这些变化使得外部经济在空间上也发生了变化,不再囿于单个大城市,而是扩散到整个城市体系形成网络外部性,使得位于城市外部空间的小企业可以因为"借用规模"而共享大都市的外部经济。文章通过对湖北、广东、浙江、江苏和河北等省的制造业小企业(群)空间分布研究,验证了"借用规模"与小企业区位及其发展的密切关系。

With the increasing external noneconomies of the metropolitan, like the congestion, high land rent and environment pollution, also with the flexible production overwhelming the Fordism mass production and the fast development of the transportation and telecommunication which make the transportation cost less important in the overall cost of firms, external economies have changed in terms of the spatial perspective, which is that external economies are not be limited within the boundary of the metropolitan any more rather go beyond the individual metropolitan and extend to the whole urban system which have intense correlation among the major metropolitan and the non-metropolitan areas. For the small firms in the non-metropolitan areas, they can make use of the ＂borrowed size＂ to share the network external economies within the urban system, which make small firms in the non-metropolitan areas survive and grow. In order to test the relationship between the ＂borrowed size＂ and the location and the growth of small and medium sized enterprises , the small and medium sized enterprises or enterprise clusters are chosed in the paper in five provinces of China as the empirical examples, which is Hubei province, Guangdong province, Jiangsu province, Zhejiang province and Hebei province, result shows that high propensity of concentration of small and medium sized enterprises within the geographical fields of 70km or 100kin areas away from the major urban areas, which suggests the non-metro areas adjacent to metropolitan areas benefit much more than remote areas from the metro, implying the areas of the ＂borrowed size ＂ on the work and the spatial relationship between the ＂borrowed size＂ and firms.