亚里士多德对古希腊雅典宪法改革的哲学政治学取向论要

Aristotle's Philosophical and Political Orientation on Athens Constitution Reform of Ancient Greece

以往的学人对亚里士多德的哲学、政治学的认定和评断,基本上都称亚氏主张"中庸之道",是"奴隶主里中间层的代言人",在政治上主张"调和阶级矛盾,拯救奴隶制城邦的崩溃"等等。虽然此说不无道理,但也有失偏颇。若对亚氏的《雅典政制》进行深入分析,可以至少得出亚里士多德五方面的哲学、政治学取向。即亚里士多德抨击"寡头政治"和"王者政府",力主社会改革;总结改革成果,开创比较政治的先河,理论上弘扬民主政治;提出取消"部落差"、村民个人地位差等一系列的多人参政、平等的民主手段;在总结国家组织职能基础上,提出了分权政治的"三权分立"主张的雏形;倡导和提出了清政防腐的主张和手段。

Studying Aristotle＇s views on philosophy and politics, the former scholars basically said that Aristotle advocated ＂the Golden Mean＂, he was ＂the spokesman of the interlayer of slave-owner＂, he advocated ＂coordinating class contradictions, saving the collapse of slavery city-state＂ in politics. This said has reason, but also has biased. By analyzing Aristotle＇s Athenian Constitution thoroughly, we may obtain Aristotle＇s philosophical and political orientation from five aspects at least, namely, Aristotle attacked ＂the oligarchy＂ and ＂the king government＂, advocated strongly the social reform; summarized the achievement of reform, put forward the comparative polities firstly, carried forward the democratic polities theoretically; proposed a series of equal democratic methods with multi-people political participation; based on the summary about national organization funetion, proposed the embryonic form of deeentralization polities ＂the separation of powers＂; advocated and proposed the methods of political anticorrosion.