低温电镀铝的研究进展

Research progress on electrodeposition of aluminum at low temperature

综述了分别由有机溶剂、低温无机熔盐和离子液体构成的低温电镀铝体系的研究进展.有机溶剂和低温无机熔盐电镀铝各有优点,但前者的稳定性差,对水和氧敏感,电导率低;而后者较高的电镀温度限制了基体材料的选择.性能优异的离子液体备受青睐,研究最多的是以卤族为阴离子的离子液体,但是其在空气和水中易氧化和易吸潮变质而不稳定.稳定性更好的新型离子液体不断涌现,但缺乏系统研究.目前,除了电镀单一铝镀层之外,为了获得铝合金的特殊性能,电镀铝合金镀层越来越受到关注.对铝及铝合金镀层的巨大需求和远景期待将促使镀铝体系的推陈出新和镀铝工艺的不断进步,进而降低镀铝体系的成本,低温电镀铝的工业化应用将成为现实.

The research development on aluminum electrodeposition from organic solvents, inorganic molten salts and ionic liquids has been reviewed. Both organic solvents and inorganic molten salts have advantages of themselves, but the former has poor stability and low electric conductivity, and it is sensitive to water and oxygen; meanwhile, higher working temperature of the latter limits the choice of substrate materials. Ionic liquids with a number of attractive features become increasingly popular, among which most of the researches are focused on ionic liquids with halogenated anion, but they are unstable to air and water. Although new ionic liquids with more stability are constantly emerging, there is deficiency in systematic and comprehensive research achievements on them. At present, except for pure aluminum deposition, electroplating of aluminum alloy becomes increasingly popular in order to obtain special properties. Enormous demands and perspectives for aluminum and its alloy depositions in the future will result in constantly emerging of the new electrolytes and continuous progress of electroplating process of aluminum. Moreover, it will reduce the cost of electroplating of aluminum, and then industrialized application of electrodeposition of aluminum at low temperature will come tree in the future.