上海市郊区老年人认知功能调查及相关因素分析

Survey on cognitive function and analysis of associated factors among elders in Shanghai suburb

目的调查上海郊区60岁及以上老年人的认知功能状态及其相关危险因素。方法采用自制老年认知功能调查量表,对上海市青浦区徐径和华新两个镇60岁及以上的常住居民进行横断面调查。内容主要包括一般情况、疾病史及药物史和中文版简易智能状态量表(CMMSE)。结果共调查2809名60岁及以上老人,占符合研究对象条件者的73.36%(2809/3829),其中男性1010人(35.96%),平均年龄(70.72±6.36)岁;女性1799人(64.04%),平均年龄(70.45±6.70)岁。CMMSE总平均分值为24.37±4.171,随年龄增长逐渐下降。文化程度较高者CMMSE分值也较高:文盲组为23.25±4.100,小学组为26.93±2.813,中学及以上组为28.31±2.070。男性CMMSE总平均分值为25.93±3.575,女性为23.50±4.229,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多元逐步回归分析表明,CMMSE分值与被调查者的文化程度(b=1.947,P=0.000)、年龄(b=-0.184,P=0.000)、性别(b=-1.612,P=0.000)及平均收缩压(b=-0.0081,P=0.035)相关。结论女性、增龄、低文化程度和高血压与上海郊区老年人认知功能损害有关。

Objective To investigate the cognitive function among the elderly in Shanghai suburb,and identify the associated factors with cognitive impairment. Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out among people aged 60 years and above in Qingpu District of Shanghai. Face-to-face interview was conducted to collect the relevant information with prepared questionnaires,including the general condition,history of disease,history of drug usage and the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Examination （MMSE）. Results Two thousand eight hundred and nine subjects were surveyed,accounting for 73.36%（2809/3829）of the eligible people,among whom 1010 were male （35.96%） with the mean age of （70.72±6.36）years old and 1799 were female with the mean age of （70.45±6.70）years old. The mean CMMSE score for all subjects was 24.37±4.171,and decreased gradually with the age increase. The mean CMMSE scores varied with the education levels：illiteracy,23.25±4.100; primary school,26.93±2.813; and middle school or higher,28.31±2.070. There were significant differences in the mean CMMSE score between male and female （25.93±3.575 vs 23.50±4.229,P〈0.01）. It was revealed by multiple regression analysis that the CMMSE score was related to the education level （b=1.947,P=0.000）,age （b=-0.184,P=0.000）,gender （b=-1.612,P=0.000） and systolic blood pressure （b=-0.0081,P=0.035）. Conclusion Female gender,old age,low education level and hypertension are associated with the high risks of cognitive impairment among the elderly in Shanghai suburb.