施氮量对蓖麻花后干物质积累、产量和产量构成的影响

Impact of nitrogen application amount on dry matter accumulation,yield and yield components in castor-oil plant

研究了不同施氮量(0、150、270和390 kg.hm-2)对淄蓖3号蓖麻群体干物质积累与分配、产量和产量构成的影响。结果表明,开花前蓖麻全株和各器官干物质积累速率均缓慢,开花后积累速率快速增加。施氮对各器官和整株干物质的积累有明显影响。施氮量为150 kg.hm-2的处理在开花期和灌浆期花序的干物重积累速率最高,比较有利于茎和叶片中储存的营养物质向花序等产量器官转运,促进果穗形成和籽粒灌浆,从而促进产量的提高。施氮量为270和390 kg.hm-2的处理在开花期和灌浆期茎和叶干物重积累速率过高,而花序的积累速率较低,不太利于茎和叶片中储存的营养物质向花序等产量器官运转,影响了产量的进一步提高。在本试验条件下,施氮量为150 kg.hm-2和270 kg.hm-2时,每株粒数显著增加,但施氮量增加到390 kg.hm-2时,与270 kg.hm-2处理相比,每株粒数有所下降。对于百粒重,施氮量为150 kg.hm-2处理的增重效果最好,270 kg.hm-2和390kg.hm-2处理虽然也能增加百粒重,但增加效果逐渐降低。从整体产量表现看,以施氮量为150 kg.hm-2处理的产量最高,达到6 291.69 kg.hm-2,其次为270 kg.hm-2和390 kg.hm-2处理,分别达6 243.03 kg.hm-2和5 179.05kg.hm-2。

Abstract： With castor- oil plant Zibi 3 （Ricinus communis L. ） as the test cultivar, the effects of nitrogen ap- plication amount （0,150,270 and 390 kg·hm^-2）on the accumulation and distribution of dry matter, yield and yield component were studied under the planting density of 12 000 plants per hectare. The results indicated that the accumulation rates of all organs including leaf, stem and root were generally low before anthesis, but after anthesis the accumulation rates increased rapidly. The application of nitrogen had clearly affected the accumulation of dry matter of root, stem,inflorescence as well as the whole plant. When nitrogen application amount was 150 kg·hm^-2, the accumulation rate of the dry weight of inflorescence during the growth stages of anthesis and grain - filling was the highest,indicating that the nutrients stored in the stem and the leaves were more readily transported into inflorescences. When the nitrogen amount was 270 and 390 kg·hm^-2, the accumulation rates of leaves and roots at flowering stage and grain filling stage were unreasonably high, whereas the accumulation rates of inflorescence during the stages of anthesis and grain - filling were very low, resulting in low accumulation of dry matter in inflorescences. In this experiment, the number of seed grain per plant increased under the nitrogen treatments of 150 and 270 kg·hm^-2. When nitrogen amount increased to 390 kg·hm^-2, the number of seed grain per plant decreased compared with the treatment of 270kg·hm^-2 . Nitrogen amount of 150 kg·hm^-2 produced the highest one - hun- dred- grain weight. Although the one - hundred - grain weight at 270 kg·hm^-2 and 390 kg·hm^-2 were also higher than the control, the increasing effect reduced gradually. In this experiment, the highest yield was 6 291.69 kg·hm^-2 when the nitrogen amount was 150 kg·hm^-2. The yields of the treatments of 270 kg·hm^-2 and 390 kg·hm^-2 were 6 243.03 kg·hm^-2 and 5 179.05 kg·hm^-2 ,ranking the second and the third of the four treatments.