5Eckle RH, Grundy SM, Zimmet PZ, et ah The metabolic syndrome [ J]. Lancet ,2005,365 : 1415 - 1428.
6Ono T,Lowe AA, Ferguson KA, et al. Associations among upper air-way structure, body position, and obesity in skeletal class I male patients with obstructive sleep apnea[ J]. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 1996,109 (6) :625 - 634.
7Utzschneider KM, Carr DB,Hull RL, et al. Impact of intra-abdominal fat and age on insulin sensitivity and Beta-cell function [ J ]. Diabetes,2004,53 ( 11 ) :2867 - 2872.
9Punjabi NM, Sorkin JD, Katzel LI, et al. Sleep-disordered breathing and insulin resistance in middle-aged and overweight men [ J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med ,2002,165 (5) :677 - 682.
10Ip MS, Lain B, Ng MM, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with insulin resistance[ J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2002,165 (5) :670 - 676.
二级参考文献11
1Ford ES,Giles WH. A comparison of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome using two proposed definitions[J].Diabetes Care,2003; 26( 3 ) : 575-581.
3Savage DB,Petersen KF,Shulman GI. Mechanisms of insulin resistance in humans and possible links with inflarmnationa[J].Hypertension, 2005 ;45 (5) : 828-833.
4DeFronzo RA,Ferrannini E. Insulin resistance:a multifaceted syndrome responsible for NIDDM,obesity,hypertension,dyslipidemia,and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [J].Diabetes Care,1991;14(3) : 173-194.
5Haffner SM,Miettinen H,Stem MP.The homeostasis model in the San Antonio Heart Study[J].Diabetes Care, 1997;20(7): 1087-1092.
6Bergman RN,Phillips LS,Cobelli C.Physiologic evaluation of factors controlling glucose tolerance in man [J].J Clin Invest,1981;68(12) : 1456-1467.
7Hanley AJ,Wagenknecht LE,D'Agostino RB Jr,et al. Identifi-cation of subjects with insulin resistance and β-Cell dysfunction using alternative definitions of the metabolic syndrome[J].Diabetes,2003 ; 52( 11 ) : 2740-2747.
8International Diabetes Federation (2005):The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome [EB/OL].http ://www.idf.org/webeast/pdf/IDF_Back-grounder_3.pdf.
9Albareda M, Rodriguez-Espinosa J, Murugo M,et al. Assessment of insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function from measurements in the fasting state and during an oral glucose tolerance test[J].Dia-betologia, 2000; 43 (12) : 1507-1511.
10International Diabetes Federation (2005):The IDF consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome[EB/OL].http://www.idf.org/webcast/pdf/IDF_Back-grounder_1.pdf.
5Partinen M. Body mass index and neck circumference in obstructive sleep apnea[J]. Am Rev Respir Dis, 1991, 143( 1 ) : 204.
6Shamm S K, Kumpawat S, Banga A, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in a population of Delhi, India [J]. Chest, 2006, 130(1): 149 -156.
7Sharabi Y, Scope A, Chorney N, et al. Diastolic blood pressure is the first to rise in association with early subclinical obstructive sleep apnea: lessons from periodic examination screening [ J ]. Am J Hypertens, 2003, 16(3): 236-239.
8Phillips C L, Cistulli P A. Obstructive sleep apnea and hypertension: epidemiology, mechanisms and treatment effects [J]. Minerva Med, 2006, 97(4) : 299 -312.
9Fischer M, Baessler A, Hense H W, et al. Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in the community. Results from a Doppler echocardiographic-based survey of a population sample [J]. Eur Heart J, 2003, 24(4) : 320 -328.
10Punjabi N M, Beamer B A. C-reactive protein is associated with sleep disordered breathing independent of adiposity [J]. Sleep, 2007, 30 (1): 29 -34.