我国小于胎龄儿现状分析

Current situation investigation and analysis of SGA in China

目的研究我国小于胎龄儿(SGA)的现状。方法调研我国22个省、自治区、直辖市的86所医院提供的2005-01-01T00:00:00至2005-12-31T00:00:00出院的产科出生的新生儿(45014例)中SGA的发生率,总结分析该86所医院新生儿科住院患儿(54466例)中SGA的临床资料。结果(1)产科出生的新生儿中SGA的发生率为6.61%,其中早产儿中SGA发生率(13.10%)高于足月儿(6.05%);(2)新生儿科住院患儿中SGA的比例为9.19%;(3)SGA中窒息、呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)、肺出血、呼吸暂停、缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)、胃潴留、消化道出血、坏死性小肠结肠炎(NEC)、寒冷损伤综合征、先天畸形的构成比高于适于胎龄儿(AGA)和大于胎龄儿(LGA);(4)在SGA的转归中,治愈、好转率分别为57.47%和27.41%,自动出院占13.17%,病死率为1.95%。其中SGA病死率明显高于AGA和LGA,而治愈好转率(84.88%)则明显低于AGA和LGA。结论我国新生儿科住院患儿中SGA的患病率和病死率较高,加强围生期监测和干预以减少SGA发生、积极防治SGA并发症仍是我国目前围产工作的重点。

Objective To investigate the current situation of small for gestational age infants （ SGA ） in China. Methods The data were from the 86 hospitals in 22 provinces of China. A retrospective investigation was carried out in 45 014 cases from Obstetric Departments and 54 466 cases from newborn nursery between Jan. 1 and Dec. 31 of 2005. Results （1） The incidence of SGA was 6.61% in 2005, in which the incidence of SGA in preterms （ 13.10 %） is high- er than full terms （6.05 % ）. （2） The number of SGA accounted for 9.19 % of hospitalized neonates in newborn nursery. （3） The ratio of asphyxia, RDS, pulmonary hemorrhage, apnea, HIE, gastric retention, alimentary tract hemorrhage, NEC, cold injury, and congenital malformation in SGA were higher than in appropriate for gestational age （AGA） and large for gestational age infants （LGA）. （4） About 57.47 % of hospitalized neonates were cured, 27.41% were im- proved and 1.95 % died. The mortality of SGA was higher than AGA and LGA, and the rate of cure and improvement was lower than AGA and LGA. Conclusion The mobidity and mortality of SGA are still high in China. Perinatal monitoring and intervention should be enhanced in our country.