职业教育课程演变:一种来自管理学的诠释

Curriculum Evolution of Vocational Education:A Kind of Annotation from Management Science

职业教育培养的人才是为企业和社会服务的，某一时期的职业教育课程必须适应企业和社会的生产管理方式。在人类早期的奴隶社会直至资本主义萌芽时期，职业教育是通过学徒制形式实施的，职业教育课程就表现为某一职业或行业的全部技艺和秘诀；在19世纪末20世纪初以分工生产为特征时期。流水线生产方式为职业教育进行专业化、标准化人才培养提供了基础，产生了建立在职业分析和工作分析基础上的课程开发模式；21世纪的信息时代，出现了以精益生产和弹性专业化为特征的合工生产模式，以工作过程为导向的课程模式成为职业教育课程的主导。

The talents cultivated by vocational education aims to serve for enterprise and society, so that the vocational education curriculum during a given period must adapt to production management mode of enterprise and society. In the period of slavery society to germination of capitalism, the dominant mode of vocational education is apprenticeship, and voca- tional education curriculum is crafts and recipes of a certain vocation or industry; in the period of the end of 19th century to the beginning of 20th century characterized by work division production, the pipeline production mode provided basis for vocational education carrying out specialized and standardized talents cultivation, and the curriculum development model based on professional analysis and working analysis came into being; in the period of information age of 21st century, the cooperative production mode characterized by lean production and flexible specialization was appeared, and working process- oriented curriculum model has become dmninant vocational education curriculum.