人工巢箱条件下大山雀的窝卵数与繁殖成功的关系

Relationship between Clutch Size and Reproductive Success of Great Tit Breeding inside Artificial Nest-box

2004—2006年,利用人工巢箱在吉林省左家自然保护区次生林中对大山雀(Parusmajor)的窝卵数与繁殖成功的关系开展了研究。研究表明:大山雀对人工巢箱的利用率逐年减少,年份间差异显著(P<0.05)。营巢成功率为74.3%,营巢失败的主要原因是人为破坏和天敌占用。大山雀的窝卵数为6～14枚,平均10.2枚,常见窝卵数为10～12枚,卵质量平均为(1.47±0.12)g,卵大小平均为16.5mm×12.9mm。孵化期平均为(13.8±1.4)d,平均出雏率为(88.4±1.3)%,育雏期平均为(17.3±0.9)d,平均出飞率为(78.1±2.0)%。大山雀窝卵数与孵化期、出雏率、育雏期和出飞率显著正相关。大山雀繁殖成功率逐年增加,不同年份间繁殖成功率差异极显著(P<0.01),窝卵数与繁殖成功率无明显相关性。

An experiment was conducted to study the relationship between dutch size and reproductive success of Great Tit breeding inside artificial nest-box during 2004 and 2006 in a secondary forest in Zuojia Natural Reserve, Jilin Province. Results showed that the usage rate of artificial nest-boxes decreased significandy during the three years （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. The nesting success of Great Tit was 74.3%, and the cause of nest failure included human damage and predation. Some indexes of Great Tit were obtained as dutch size 6 - 14 eggs, average dutch size 10.2 eggs, common clutch size 10 - 12 eggs, average egg weight （ 1.47 ±0.12） g, and average size of the eggs 16.5 × 12.9 mm. The incubation period of Great Tit was （ 13.8 ±1.4）days, hatching success was （88.4 ±1.3） %, nestling period lasted for （ 17.3 ±0.9） days, and fledging rate was （78. 1 ±2. 0） %. There existed positive correlation between clutch size and incubation period, hatching success, nestling period, fledging rate. The reproductive success increased year by year. There was an extremely significant difference in repreductive success between different years and an obvious correlation between clutch size and reproductive success of Great Tit.