广东省1951～1996年百日咳流行动态及免疫效果分析

Epidemic Dynamics of Pertussis in Guangdong Province in 1951-1996 and Analysis of the Immune Effect

广东省１９５１～１９９６年百日咳经历了８次大小流行，１９６１年报告发病率达２５４３５／１０万，１９８７年实施计划免疫后，发病率明显下降，１９９１年达历史最低水平，但仍未控制百日咳的流行，主要原因是接种疫苗后群体保护率还不够高。１９９０年使用含百日咳菌４５亿／ｍｌ百日破混合制剂（ＤＰＴ），对２０６人检测抗体水平，保护率为３４４７％；１９９４～１９９５年使用含百白咳菌９０亿／ｍｌＤＰＴ后，１９９５年对０～６０岁各地人群检测抗体，保护率为５４７８％。１９９６年广州市试用无细胞吸附精制百白破制剂（ＡＰＤＴ），免疫成功率与ＤＰＴ基本一致，但抗体阳性率高。结果证明：百日咳发病与免疫接种和接种的疫苗含量有很大关系，应加强免疫接种工作和疾病监测，减少疾病的发生。

In 1951-1996, 8 great and small pertussis epidemics had occurred in Guangdong Province, the reported incidence in 1961 was 25435/100,000. Since the implementation of EPI in 1987, the incidence of pertussis had been decreasing significantly, dropping to the historically lowest level in 1991. Because of the protection rate which generally is produced by vaccine inoculation was not very high, the pertussis epidemic could not be controlled. In 1990, the pertussis antibody level was detected in population of 206 persons, who were inoculated with DPT vaccine containing 45 billion bacillus pertussis/ml, the protection rate reached 3447%. In 1994-1995, using DPT vaccine containing 9 billion bacillus/ml, the protection rate in 0-60 year old population was 5478%. When the A-PDT vaccine was tried out in Guangzhou in 1996, the immune successful rate was basically the same as DPT vaccine, but the antibody level was higher. The result showed that pertussis incidence is related both to vaccination and the bacillus number of the vaccine. For the purpose of reducing pertussis incidence, immunization coverage rate and disease surviellance should be strengthened