芜萍综合开发技术研究 Ⅰ.芜萍高产培殖技术

STUDIES ON TECHNIQUES FOR COMPREHE SIVE UTILIZATION OF Wolffia arrhiza Ⅰ.ON TECHNIQUES FOR HIGH YIELDING CULTIVATION OF Wolffia arrhiza

为了摸清温度、光照、风、水肥条件及管理水平等因子对芜萍产量的影响，探索较系统的芜萍高产培殖技术模式，从萍池整理、施肥方式、夏季降温、小容器模拟培养、收取方法等方面，进行了芜萍高产培殖技术研究．结果表明：温度对芜萍产量影响极显著，夏季高温季节采用人工降温的办法可延长芜萍的生长期，产量较不降温（对照）提高５７．３％．总养分相同时，施混合肥比施单项肥产量提高５２．７５％～５７．４％．芜萍池在接种前用１．５ｔ／ｈｍ２生石灰消毒，产量与不消毒（对照）比较差异极显著．通过以上技术措施，芜萍年产量由７５～１５０ｔ／ｈｍ２提高到３００～３７５ｔ／ｈｍ２，日最高产量达到３．７４ｔ／ｈｍ２。

Different pool preparation, different methods of fertilizer application,lowering the temperature in summer, simulation cultivation in a small container and different methods of collection were used to study the effects of temperature, illumination, fertilizers and management practices on the yield and to establish the pattern of high yielding cultivation of Wolffia arrhiza. The results showed that the yield was significantly influenced by the temperature and increased by 57.3% by artificially lowering the temperature in summer because of the extended growth period. The yield also increased by 52.75%～57.4% with applying the mixed fertilizer than with the single fertilizer at the same level of total nutrients. Treatment of the pools with quick lime at 1.5 t/hm 2 before cultivating Wolffia arrhiza was beneficial for yield increase. The combination of these practices were used so that the annual yield of Wolffia arrhiza was increased from 75～150 t/hm 2 to 300～375 t/hm 2 with the maxmium daily yield of 3.74 t/hm 2, which provided the foundation for the large scale industrializational exploitation of Wolffia arrhiza in the future.