“123种植模式”对土壤酶学特征及土壤养分的影响

Effect of "123 Farming Pattern" on the Characteristics of Soil Enzyme and Soil Nutrients

采用大田试验,研究"123种植模式"(B,RVCs)和休闲轮作模式(A,FRCs)、蔬菜连作模式(C,VCCs)对土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性及土壤养分的影响,以及土壤酶学因子与土壤养分的关系。结果表明:整套模式完成后,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶的3种种植模式酶活性均表现为0～15cm高于15～30cm土层;过氧化氢酶活性则反之;多酚氧化酶活性表现为A模式0～15cm高于15～30cm土层,B、C模式土层之间15～30cm高于0～15cm。与传统模式和当地模式相比,"123种植模式"显著提高了土壤酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶的活性,降低了过氧化氢酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性;脲酶活性为C>B>A。经相关分析、通径分析发现土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和多酚氧化酶与土壤养分的相关性呈显著或极显著水平。土壤速效磷对脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、多酚氧化酶的影响力直接作用和间接作用均为最大,其它养分因子对以上三种酶的影响主要体现在直接影响上。

Based on field experiment, the effect of ＂123 Farming Pattern＂ （B, RVCs）, fallow and rotation pattern（A, FRCs） and continuous cropping of vegetables pattern （C, VCCs） on the soil urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, invertase, polyphenol oxidase activities and soil nutrients were studied, and the relationship between factors of soil enzymology and soil nutrients was analyzed. The results showed that the activities of soil invertase, urease, acid phosphatase were higher in 0-15cm layer than 15-30cm layers in these three models. The activities of polyphenol oxidase was higher in 0-15cm layer thanlS-30cm layer in model A, but lower in 0-15cm layer than 15-30cm layer in model B and model C. Compared with Fallow and rotation （A, FRCs） and continuous cropping of vegetables pattern （C, VCCs）, ＂123 Farming Pattern＂ （B, RVCs）, significantly improved the activities of soil acid phosphatase, invertase and reduced the activities of catalase and polyphenol oxidase. Urease activities were C〉B〉A. The correlation analysis and path analysis showed that soil urease, acid phosphatase and polyphenol oxidase and soil nutrients were significant. The directly and indirectly influence of soil available phosphorus on urease, acid phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase were the largest. The effects of other nutrient factors on the three enzymes were direct.