论中小学人文社会学科课程的分科与综合——从中美英法四国的实践看历史课与社会科之改革

Separation and Integration of the Humanities Curriculum in Elementary and Secondary Schools:Reform of History and Humanities Courses Seen From Relevant Practice in China,America,England and France

近代教育兴起以来,分科课程如历史课长时期在各国学校中占据着主导地位。"二战"结束后,美、英、法等国都进行了历史课程改革,历史课重新占据了应有的地位。自人文社会学科综合课程社会科开设时起,关于社会科课程目的、结构、性质诸重大问题就存有争议,这样的争辩与讨论,给社会科注入了动力与活力,社会科课程得到蓬勃发展。当今人文社会学科课程呈现出显著的多样化发展趋势,学科整合得到加强。历史课和"历史与社会"课,在本质上更具同质性。在课程多样化趋势中,积极推进历史课和"历史与社会"课程改革,不存在谁吃掉谁的问题。而真正构建起适合学生的学习体系,促进学生的发展,这才是关键所在,需要我们作出更大努力。

Since the rise of modern education, separated courses like History Course have played a dominant role in schools in many countries. After the Second World War, with the acceleration of technology development, people began to pay more attention to science courses so that History Course encountered a ＂crisis＂. America, England, and France carried out reforms in history curriculum. As a result, History Course resumed its former status. Since integrated courses of humanities started to be offered, the goals, structures, characters of the courses have remained controversial. And such debates and discussions have instilled dynamism and vitality into the courses, which have shown a vigorous development. Nowadays, humanities curriculum has assumed a diverse trend, curriculum integration greatly strengthened. In essence, History Course and the course of ＂History and Society＂ are of the same character. It is desiarble and practicable either to establish ＂History and Society＂ as a comprehensive course, or to integrate the two courses based on history. The key lies in the establishment of a curriculum system which suits students and encourages their development. This, of course, calls for our greater efforts.