古罗马教仆与贵族教育

Review of the Pedagogues of Ancient Rome

在古罗马,许多家庭尤其是贵族家庭大量使用希腊人充当教仆。他们在古罗马孩子从幼年到青少年的成长教育中扮演了重要的角色,比如监督孩子的道德培养,负责接送上学,辅导功课等。教仆凭借自身的文化优势行使教育罗马孩子的"权力"。然而,身为奴隶或被释奴,教仆地位卑微,他们与孩子及其家庭之间形成了亲密友好与紧张敌对、情感与利益交织的微妙关系。教仆不仅对统治阶层的子女教育发挥了重要作用,还对平民甚至是奴隶儿童的初级教育也作出了一定的贡献。

In ancient Rome, plenty of families, especially aristocratic families, employed many Greeks as their pedagogues. The pedagogues played an important role in the Roman children＇ s growth from childhood to adolescence. For example, they supervised the children＇ s moral cultivation, took care of the children on their way to school and on their way back home, helped them go over homework, etc. As slaves with a low social status, however, they had complex relations with the children and their families, which were interwoven with friendships and tensions, emotions and benefits. They not only played an important role in the education of children from the upper class, but also made definite contribution to the elementary education of the children from the civilian people and even of those from the slave families.