华北地区小麦生育进程、灌浆特性与库容对粒重相对重要性的研究

Studies on the Contributions of Growing Process, Filling Properties, Storage Capacity to Grain Weight for Wheat in North China

研究了华北麦区不同时期小麦品种生育进程、籽粒灌浆特性、体积构成参数的演变趋势及其对粒重的相对重要性。随品种更替，返青-抽穗开花时间缩短，目前品种穗分化速度和速率提高，抽穗开花提早，开花-成熟时间延长2d左右，主要增加直线增长时间；AR和Rmax显著提高，V显著扩大，尤其厚度、宽度得到较大改善。从性状演变、相关分析、灰色关联度、通径分析等不同角度的综合分析表明：Rmax是决定粒重的主导因素，作为育种的主要目标，兼顾延长直线增长时间、二者相互结合；粒重继续增加，要求体积进一步扩充，优化籽粒构型，协调体积构成参数间的关系达到最佳组合。

In 1994 ~ 1996, 38 varieties from Beijing, Hebei, Shanxi, Shandong were studied for the Changing trend of growing process, grain filling properties, volum component paramter and their relation to grain weight. The results showd as the following: The duration from regreening to anthesis was shortened as varieties changed; In current varietis, the rate of spike differentiation was increased; The date of anthesis was earlier; And the time of flowring to ripenning was prolonged for 2 days, which was prolonged mainly in linear period; AR and Rmax were increased and V was extened especially in thickness and width significantly. From the comprehensive analysis of different methods, it could be found that Rmax was the leading factor to improve grain weight and could be regarded as breading obect. Meanwhile, the duration of linear period should also be taken into consideration.The V will continue to be extened and volum component paramters be of optimum combination.