艾比湖湖面变化对周缘农牧生态系统功能影响

Impact on ecological function caused by surface changes of Lake Ebinur

为进一步探讨艾比湖湖面应恢复或保持的面积问题,按照耗散结构理论,对艾比湖周缘农牧生态系统功能受自然辅助能变化影响趋势进行研究。通过调查收集1998-2004年间艾比湖周缘七个农牧生态系统物质投入、产出数据,在数据规范化处理后比较表明:体现农业生态系统功能稳定性的能量产投比率与湖面面积大小变化呈现着明显的正相关关系;提出艾比湖湖面最低应恢复或保持在800 km^2以上。为推进应用生态学在生物生产领域的广泛应用,并就研究中遇到的问题提出讨论。

Lake Ebinur is located in the Northwest of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Owing to the lakeshrinked area, the situation of the ecological environment deteriorates year by year. The sandstorms do great harm to the local people living and bring negative effects to the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains. During the process of recovery engineering implementation, the question how large the lake is will be brought forward in the future planning. The paper tries to give a sound answer to the question from the ecological system energy flow aspect, furthermore tries to prove whether there is a rule between the area of the lake and ecological system function. According to the ecological system energy flow theory, the function of the system is depended on its own structure. Owing to the damage caused by the sandstorm, the local ecological system structure is in vicious state, so the function is running at very low level. The ratio of input and output energy symbolizes whether the function is abnormal or not. After collecting the data of crop farming and stocking raising ecological system in the research region, then converting the material data to energy data using the energy conversion coefficient, we get the ratio of energy input and output. Comparing the data from 1998 to 2004, we can draw the conclusion that ecological system function has a close relationship with the surface area of Lake Ebinur. The result shows that if the crop species and stock amount are stable, both in the crop farming and stocking raising ecological system, in the year when the lake area is large, the ratio of input energy and output energy is high, which shows that the relationship between the lake area and the system function is positive. As to the ancient oasis and new reclaimed land, the change in the water surface brings less effect to Jinhe County than to six regiments of the Agricultural Division NO. 5. After calculating the ecological system energy flow and analyzing the relationship between the lake area and the system function, We can use the favorable method to choose the recovery measure and maintain the lake area at a logical level. The objective is finding an equilibrium between the economic construction and ecological construction.