1949年以来中国农村土地制度变迁对土地沙漠化变化的影响

Influence of the transformation of the China's rural land system on sandy desertification changes since 1949

1949年以来我国农村土地制度经历了多次重大变革,每个阶段的土地制度对于沙漠化扩展或逆转有什么影响,是值得深入探讨的理论问题。使用土地制度变化与沙漠化扩展比较的分析方法,得出如下结论:我国沙漠化面积的扩展和逆转,都与我国农村土地制度的变迁紧密相联。集体所有的土地制度,由于缺乏有效的激励机制,造成沙漠化土地的迅速蔓延。而农村土地使用权分配的制度设计,无法兼顾经济发展与生态保护的双重目标。沙漠化治理需要新的制度安排。

Since the end of the 20th century, our country has implemented a large-scale ecology rehabilitation policy. The performance evaluation about it is a major issue which is worth discussing deeply. Because the behavioral main body of the ecology rehabilitation is the government and households, the difference in the main body decides they have remarkable differences in their target and behavior. This paper constructed an indicator system of the performance evaluation of the ecology rehabilitation policy based on households, through the analysis about the households＇ economic activities. And it used the AHP method to calculate the weight of each index factor. It also used the household＇ s survey data from the typical regional to show the feasibility of this evaluation method. This study will provide a new perspective and useful supplement for the performance evaluation of the ecology rehabilitation policy.