磁吸滚筒式精密排种器设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Precision Magnetic Cylinder-seeder

针对蔬菜、花卉类小颗粒种子精密播种问题,利用磁吸式排种原理,设计了一种磁吸滚筒式精密排种器。通过分析比较单排磁吸头不同极性排列方式下的磁路及磁感应强度,确定了滚筒内磁吸头沿周向4排阵列,各排磁吸头按N、S极间隔排列的设计方案。对研制的排种器,以磁粉包衣油菜籽为试验对象,滚筒转速及磁吸头工作电流为试验因素,进行了正交试验,通过方差分析确定了影响排种性能的主次因素及优化组合。试验结果表明,磁吸头工作电流是影响排种性能的主要因素,在磁吸头工作电流230 mA、滚筒转速15 r/min条件下,排种器单粒精播指数可达93.6%,重播指数为2.2%,排种速率达3 600排/h,能够满足精密播种的精度和效率要求。

In order to solve the problem of small seed＇s precision seeding,such as vegetable and flower seeds,a new type of magnetic cylinder-seeder was developed according to the magnetic seed-metering principle.By analyzing and comparing magnetic field route and intensity of one row suction head in the case of two kinds of polarity arrangements,the designed project was ascertained that four rows of magnetic suction head were assembled in the cylinder inner and its pole was arranged according to gap way.To improve the metering performance of this device,the orthogonal experiment was conducted with test object of rapeseed coated with magnetic powder,test factors of cylinder rotation rate and suction head＇s electric current.Variance analysis of the experiment results indicates that the suction head＇s electric current is the main factor and the optimization of two factors are the suction head＇s electric current of 230 mA and the cylinder rotation rate of 15 r/min.Under such working conditions,the single seed index is 93.6%,multi-seed index is 2.2%,and the seed-metering efficiency could achieve 3 600 rows per hour,so it proves that this machine has higher sowing precision and better adaptability to small seeds.