学案再释

On the Term "Xue-an" Again

在迄今的中国学术史研究中,学案史董理依然称得上是一个新领域,可以深入开拓的空间还很大。就拿"学案"一语的解释来说,至今也还没有一个形成共识的定论。经过反复思考和研究,认为,学案体史籍是我国古代史家记述学术发展历史的一种独特编纂形式。其雏形肇始于南宋初叶朱熹著《伊洛渊源录》,而完善和定型则是数百年后。清朝康熙初叶黄宗羲著《明儒学案》,它源于传统的纪传体史籍,系变通《儒林传》(《儒学传》)、《艺文志》(《经籍志》),兼取佛家灯录体史籍之所长,经过长期酝酿演化而成。这一特殊体裁的史书,以学者论学资料的辑录为主体,合案主生平传略及学术总论为一堂,据以反映一个学者、一个学派,乃至一个时代的学术风貌,从而具备了晚近所谓学术史的意义。

“Xue-an” historical study in the Chinese academic research history is still a new field and there is much space for further explorations. To take “Xue-an” itself as an example, it has formed no consistent view so far as what it is. The present author has taken a long time considering the issue and come to the conclusion that this is a special style of compiling academic development history materials in ancient China. It was initiated in ZHU Xi＇s work Yi Luo Yuan Yuan Lu （History of the Song and Ming Confucian Idealist School, HSMCIS） and completed and formatted several centuries later. HUANG Zong-xi in early Kang--xi Dynasty of Qing says in his famous book Learning History of Noted Confucian Scholars （LHNCS） that it was originated from the history presenting style in a series of biographies. It is in fact a comprehensive style of multiple writing sources, characterized with scholars＇ explications on learning, with one＇s biographies and his general academic views, which could reflect the academic style and features of a scholar, a school and even an epoch, and hence obtains the significance of what people call ＂learning history＂ today.