沙尘天气对北京大气重污染影响特征分析

Analysis of the Heavy Polluting Effects of Sand Dust Weather in Beijing

利用北京市具有代表性的大气污染物监测站资料,统计出2000─2005年各月重污染的天数,并对4和5级的重污染特征进行分析.结果表明,北京市大气重污染主要源于颗粒物.分析了北京沙尘型重污染年、季节变化特征和表现形式等.利用2000—2005年北京及周边地区环境监测、卫星遥感以及气象等数据,对沙尘天气影响北京城区大气中ρ（PM10）进行分析发现,ρ（沙尘粒子）约占ρ（PM10）的1%13%;沙尘天气的影响区域逐渐加重的顺序为前门〈古城〈车公庄〈农展馆〈东四〈天坛〈奥体中心〈定陵;沙尘天气下ρ（PM10）具有双峰型特征,细粒子（PM2.5）质量浓度的增加对人体健康影响极为不利.

Based on representative atmospheric contaminant monitoring data for Beijing,heavy pollution days on a monthly basis during 2000-2005 were calculated, and the 4 and 5-level heavy pollution characteristics were analyzed.The results showed that Beijing＇s heavy pollution was mainly from particulates.Additionally,the yearly changes and other characteristics of sand dust heavy pollution were analyzed.Based on meteorological data,meteorological satellite data and environmental monitoring data of Beijing and its surrounding area,Beijing＇s atmospheric PM10 mass concentration as influenced by sand dust weather was evaluated.This paper found that the sand dust particulate concentration was about 1%-13% of atmospheric PM10 mass concentration in 2000-2005,and pointed out that the sequence of districts influenced by sand dust weather was Qianmen 〈 Gucheng 〈 Chegongzhuang 〈 Nongzhanguan 〈 Dongsi 〈 Tiantan 〈 Outizhongxin 〈 Dingling;the change characteristic of the sand dust particulate concentration had a two peak value structure,and fine particulate（PM2.5） had a worse effect on people＇s health.