基于认知的中医诊疗特征探析

Characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment based on cognition

认知是指人对客观世界的认识活动,中医诊疗过程可以看作是医者对患者信息进行加工处理的复杂认知过程。不同医者对同一个患者诊疗方法往往不尽相同,主要是由于医者的认知不同。本文从认知角度对中医诊疗过程进行新的诠释,基于认知着重分析中医诊疗具有主动性、整体性、程序性、动态性等特征,既体现认知主体(医者)具有极大的主动性与灵活性,又表明医者是一个动态系统,不断地以个人已有的知识结构来接纳新知识,新知识又被旧知识结构所吸收。同时,也强调了医者认知的构建是一个与社会群体思维相互联系、相互作用的过程,使隐性知识在心智层次上和显性知识相互转化。

Cognition is a human＇s recognition activity to the objective world. Diagnosis and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can be regarded as a complicated cognition process, in which physicians deal with the information from patients. The diagnostic methods of different physicians to the same patient are always not quite identical, because different physicians have different cognitions. The TCM diagnosis and treatment were explained in this paper from the view of cognition, and some characteristics of TCM diagnosis and treatment, such as initiative, integrity, routinization and dynamics, were analyzed emphatically based on cognition. The analysis not only embodied physician＇ maximal activeness and flexibility, hut also showed that physician liked a dynamic system, who accepted and absorbed new knowledge through his old knowledge structure. At the same time the construction of physician＇s cognition was a process interrelated and interacted with social group thinking, which transformed recessive knowledge into dominant one at the level of mind.