汶川地震后绵竹市高中学生心理健康状况及其相关因素研究

A study on mental health status and related factors of senior high school students in Mianzhu after the Wenchuan earthquake

目的探讨地震后灾区高中学生心理健康、社会支持状况及相关因素。方法对随机抽样选择的816例绵竹市高中学生分别采用一般情况调查表、事件影响量表修订版（IES—R）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）及症状自评量表（SCL-90）进行测量。结果（1）绵竹市高中学生PTSD发生率为13．11％；（2）绵竹市高中学生SCL-90各项指标分值（躯体化及人际关系敏感除外）远远大于常模组（P〈0．05）；（3）绵竹市高中学生SSRS各项指标分值低于常模组（P〈0．05），而PSSS各项指标中，领悟社会支持总分、家庭支持、其他支持分值高于常模组（P〈0．05）；（4）绵竹市高中学生IES—R分值与地震当时的主观感受（r=0．36，P〈0．05）、亲人的受伤情况（r=0．21，P〈0．05）、朋友及同学的受伤情况（r=0．18．P〈0．05）、家庭财产损失情况（r=0．11，P〈0.05）呈正相关；（5）IES—R分值与SCL-90各项指标（躯体化、人际关系敏感除外）均成正相关（P〈0．05）。（6）IES—R分值与PSSS中领悟社会支持总分（r=-0．09，P〈0．05）、朋友支持（r=-0．09，P〈0．05）、其他支持（r=-0．09，P〈0．05）呈负相关。结论与正常人群比较，绵竹市高中学生地震后的心理健康水取较差；他们较正常人群对社会支持的领悟更敏感；有效的社会支持及对社会支持的感受可降低PTSD发生率。

Objective To explore the status of mental health, social support, and the related factors of senior high school students in Mianzhu after the Wenchuan earthquake. Methods A random sample of 816 senior high school students in Mianzhu was investigated by questionnaires included Question- naires of General Status, Impact of Event Scale--Revised （IES--R）, Social Support Scale （SSRS）, Perceived social support scale （PSSS） and Symptom Checklist 90 （SCL-90）. Results （1）The incidence＇of PTSD in senior high school students in Mianzhu was 11.3 % ; （2）The score of SCL-90 （except for somatization and interpersonal sensitivity） in senior high school students in Mianzhu was more than the norm （P 〈 0.05） ; （3）The score of SSRS was lower than the norm （P〈 0. 05）, but the total score of perceived social support and the score of family support and other support were more than the norm （P 〈 0.05） ; （4）The score of IES--R was positively correlated with the subjective feelings（r= 0.36, P 〈 0.05）, the status of close relatives （r=0.21, P 〈0.05）, the status of friends and schoolmates （r=0.18, p〈0.05） and the loss of family estate （r = 0.11, P〈 0.05） ; （5） The score of IES- R was positively correlated with the score of SCL-90 （except for somatization and interpersonal sensitivity） （P 〈 0.05）; （6）The score of IES--R, however, was negatively correlated with the total score of PSSS（r= - 0. 09, P 〈 0.05）, friendly support（r=-0.09, P 〈 0.05） and other support（r= -0.09, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions The status of mental health of senior high school students in Mianzbu was worse than that of the norm; They were more sensitive with the perceive of social support; Effective social support and the perceive of social support will reduce the incidence of PTSD.