试析中世纪西欧王权、神权和人权之间的关系

Imperial Power, Religious Power and Human Right in Medieval Western Europe

中世纪西欧王权和神权由于各自的利益时而合作时而抗衡,同时教会的精神统治也为王权的稳固提供了保证;人权意识的觉醒对王权产生了威胁,由于有利益的联系人权也逐渐地合法化和制度化;神权思想中孕育了早期的人权观念,教会对土地的占有也影响了人权的发展,同时人权意识的觉醒也削弱了神权的影响力,在文艺复兴和宗教改革的影响下,神权开始逐渐退出历史的舞台。

In middle ages, the imperial power and religious power in westem Europe cooperated at one time and opposed each other at other times for the sake of their respective benefits. The spiritual control by the churches provides some guarantee for the imperial power. But the awakening of the human fight poses threat against the imperial power. The concept of original human fight is cultivated in the idea of religious power for the occupation of land by churches affected the development of human right. Meanwhile, the awakening of human fights weakens the authority of religious power, which is driven out of the historic stage in Renaissance and Reformation.