华北平原地下水资源可持续利用研究

Studyon Sustainable Utilization of Groundwater in North China Plain

本文通过对华北平原1991年～2003年系列地下水资源潜力及供需分析,浅层地下水总体处于采补平衡状态,但黄河沿岸及中东部平原古河道带尚有54.95×108m3/a潜力,而在山前平原的地下水位降落漏斗区地下水超采27.83×108m3/a;深层地下水除豫北平原、鲁北平原部分地区尚有一定潜力外基本处于严重超采,总超采量12.44×108m3/a;南水北调工程虽然无法从根本上解决水资源供需矛盾,但在短期内可满足经济发展对水资源的需求,因此利用南水北调的契机涵养水源是地下水可持续利用的基本保障。

The natural volume（average from 1991 to 2003） and exploitable volume（less than 3g/L） of shallow groundwater in North China Plain are respectively 202.44 ×10^8m^3/a and 181.33 ×10^8m^3/a, and the residual volume is 27.33 ×10^8m^3/a. The exploitation and recharge is in a balance condition in the whole region with a regular exploitation potential. Due to imbalance between exploitation and recharge, there was a surplus of 54.95×10^8m^3/a shallow groundwater, which account for 52.99% of the total, in the old channel regions along the Yellow River and mid-eastern plain; while in piedmont plain, groundwater overexploitation lead to the emergence of depression cones. Overexploited areas with no more potentials account for 23.9% of the whole region, and the overexploitation quantity and exploitation potential coefficient are respectively 27.83 ×10^8m^3/a and 0.46. The circulation of deep groundwater is very slow in natural conditions, nevertheless deep groundwater resources keep definite renewability under large-scale exploitation, and the available quantity of deep groundwater（less than 3g/L） is 20.20 ×10^8m^3/a. Deep groundwater resources are seriously overexploited besides those in northern Henan Plain and North Shandong Plain with a total overexploitation quantity of 12.44 ×10^8m^3/a. Overexploited areas account for 61.9% with an exploitation potential coefficient of 0.25 at the lowest level. Through supply and demand analysis of water resources, the water quantity needed would be 38.48 ×10^8m^3 in 2010, but there would be very few surplus resources. Considering the quantity of 70.28×10^8m^3/a contributed by South-to-North Water Transfer Project, in 2020, the water quantity needed would reach 91.24 ×10^8m^3, thus there would still be a shortage of 20.96 ×10^8m^3/a. Through comprehensive analysis, we reached the conclusion that although South-to-North Water Transfer Project can＇ t resolve contradiction between water supply and demand, economic development demand for water resources could be met in a short period, even with some surplus resources. Therefore, the optimal choice is conserving water by removing water from external basins to meet sustainable utilization.