三江源区草地生态系统综合评估指标体系

The integrated assessment indicator system of grassland ecosystem in the Three-River Headwaters region

基于联合国新千年全球生态系统评估(MA)概念框架,提出了系统完整的三江源区草地生态系统评估指标体系,包括生态系统结构、支持功能、调节功能和供给功能的4大类15个一级指标、75个二级指标。针对位于青藏高原东部江河源区的草地生态系统的区域特点和人类对其功能的需求分析,设计了以土地覆盖结构和草地退化结构为核心的生态系统结构指标群;以初级生产力为核心的支持功能指标群;以水、碳调节为核心的调节功能指标群,以及以水供给和草地承载力为核心的供给功能指标群。在该指标体系中,设计了草地退化遥感分类系统,以实现年代际时间尺度草地生态系统退化过程的动态分析评估;提出了退化草地态势遥感分类系统,以实现大型生态工程实施后年际时间尺度草地生态系统退化态势的分析和评估。

Based on the MA conceptual framework and characteristics of grassland ecosystem in the Three-River Headwaters region,we proposed an integrated assessment index system of grassland ecosystem of the region.In this system,there are 4 indicator groups,of which,15 indicators at the first level,and 75 indicators at the second level,which are used for assessing grassland ecosystem structure,supporting,regulating and provisioning services.The integrated assessment index system of grassland ecosystem is aimed at characteristics of grassland ecosystem in the Three-River Headwaters region in the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the human demands for this region.This system includes a set of indicators of land cover and grassland degradation for assessing the grassland ecosystem structure,and a set of indicators,for example,primary production and soil formation,etc.,for assessing the ecosystem supporting service,and a set of indicators,for example,carbon,evaporation and transpiration,run-off,etc.,for a ssessing the ecosystem regulating service,and a set of indicators,such as,water and grassland carrying capacity,etc.,for assessing the ecosystem provisioning service.In this system,we designed remote sensing classification system on grassland degradation in order to make a dynamic analysis on the process of grassland ecosystem degradation in the decade time scale,and remote sensing classification system on grassland degradation trend for assessing ecological effect of the recent ecological restoration project in the year time scale.