东北草原区产草量和载畜平衡的遥感估算

Calculation of grass production and balance of livestock carrying capacity in rangeland region of Northeast China

基于国内外相关研究进展,结合国家农业部草原遥感监测相关任务,依托大量的草原地面样方数据源,开展了东北草原区产草量和载畜平衡的遥感估算研究。主要结论有:(1)指数模型是进行草原区产草量遥感估算的优化模型,模型的估产精度达到80%以上;(2)2007年东北草原鲜产草量总计16916万吨,折合干草5094万吨;鲜重单产为4562kg/ha,折合成干重单产为1374kg/ha;(3)2007年东北草原区75%以上的牧区和半牧区县(旗)牲畜超载,牧区载畜平衡指标为32.23%,半牧区载畜平衡指标为48.51%。本文可为东北草原区的畜牧业发展规划提供科学依据。

Biomass on the grassland is the main indicator of balance of livestock carrying capacity,and is also an important reference for the sustainable development and management of the grassland.Based on the progress in this field at home and abroad,this paper aims to conduct research on the grassland monitoring under the guidance of the Ministry of Agriculture of China.Supported by high-precision data sources of grassland,we studied the calculation of grass production and balance of livestock carrying capacity in the rangeland region of Northeast China.The main conclusions are as follows：（1）The index model is the most appropriate one for the calculation of grass production.The accuracy of the yield estimation model is more than 80%.（2）In 2007,the output of fresh grass amounts to 169,160 thousand tons,equivalent to 50,940 thousand tons of hay,and fresh weight per unit area is 4562 kg/ha,equaling 1374 kg/ha of dry weight;（3）In 2007,pastoral areas and semi-pastoral areas are generally overgrazed.The balance rate of livestock carrying capacity of the pastoral areas is 32.23%,and that of the semi-pastoral areas is 48.51%.There are three counties stocking deficiently,11 counties stocking appropriately,31 countries stocking avergrazed,11 counties stocking seriously overgrazed,and one county stocking extremely overgrazed.Among the 57 countries,more than 43 countries are stocking overgrazed or even extremely overgrazed,accounting for 75% of the total.This article can provide a basis for the scientific plan of the development of animal husbandry in the rangeland region of Northeast China.