我国港口功能与城市功能关系的定量分析

Quantitative study on relationship between port function and urban function in China

港口功能是特殊的城市功能,其发展很难找到与城市其他功能的平衡点。港口城市要健康发展,港口功能与城市功能之间的平衡发展是十分重要的。基于港口功能与城市功能关系的分析,建立了功能关系矩阵,通过引入相对集中指数(RCI)的概念对矩阵进行了量化分析,确定了港口与城市的相互依赖程度。通过分析1985年以来我国25个主要港口城市功能关系的现状和演变特征,总结出我国港口功能与城市功能关系演变的一般规律:港口功能与城市功能关系具有不均衡性;港口城市功能关系的演变是一个渐进的过程;不同港口城市功能关系的演变周期不同;不同发展规模的港口城市都存在各自的平衡状态。最后,针对偏离正常发展轨道的港口城市提出了相应的调整方向。

Port function is a special function for a city, and it is difficult to find an equilibrium point with other city functions. The balance between port function and city function is very important, so as to ensure the healthy development. Based on the analysis of the relationship between port function and city function, we establish a relation matrix, and think that port function and city function have nine types of syntagmatic relation. Then we introduce Relative Concentration Index to make quantitative analysis on the matrix, which helps us quantitatively analyze the relative position between port function and city func- tion. According to the variation characteristics of RCI, we can get the interdependence de- gree between ports and cities. By taking 25 national-level port cities as the research objects, we analyze the status and evolution characteristic of the function relations since 1985. Based on this point, the relation between port function and city function under different states is described, and the universal laws of the function relation of port cities are summarized in China. The laws are as follows： （1）The relation between port function and city function is unbalanced. （2）The evolution of the relation between port function and city function is a gradual process. （3）Evolution periods of the relation between port function and city function are different for different port cities. （4）Port cities of different developing scales have their respective equilibrium state. Finally, we put forward the corresponding adjustment direction to the port cities which deviate from normal development track.