南京城市社会区空间结构--基于第五次人口普查数据的因子生态分析

The urban social areas in Nanjing:Analysis of the data based on the Fifth National Population Census

以人口普查数据为基础,利用城市因子生态分析手段,采用聚类分析方法,对南京城市社会区类型空间结构加以分析。结果表明影响2000年南京城市社会区形成的主因子有外来人口因子、农业人口因子、城市住宅因子、文化程度/职业状况因子和城市失业人口因子五个;将2000年南京城市社会区划分为六个主要类型。南京城市社会区空间分布呈现出明显的"三圈层"结构:城市本地户口居民集中分布的老城区、在老城区渐进蔓延基础上形成的中间圈层、城市远郊区为主的外围圈层;圈层内部的城市社会区空间分布以"圈层+扇形"的复合结构为主。

Urban socio-spatial structure in Western countries has been extensively analyzed since the 1940s.Shevky and Bell（1949）initiated social area analysis in the study of Los Angeles and San Francisco.In China,there have been many studies of the social structure of major cities using the Fifth National Population Census data at the subdistrict（jiedao）level recently.Chinese scholars carried out research in the cities of Guangzhou,Beijing,Shanghai,Nanchang and so on,but the research fruits of urban social areas on China＇s city are rather limited.This paper uses the factorial ecological analysis and cluster analysis（Ward＇s method）to explore the social spatial structure of Nanjing in 2000,based on the Fifth National Population Census data at the subdistrict（jiedao）level in Nanjing.The result reveals that major factors under consideration for the components of social structure in Nanjing include floating population,agriculture population,urban residential factor,educational degree and occupational status,as well as urban unemployed population factor.According to the factor scores in 2000,the city of Nanjing can be divided into six types of social areas：1）higher socio-economic residential areas,located in the north part of the core area in Nanjing;2）high population density,ordinary salary worker areas,located in the south part of the core area;3）mixed areas of floating population and ordinary salary worker on city outskirts;4）crowded floating population areas,located in the urban fringe;5）outer subur-ban industrial areas;and 6）agricultural areas,located in the periphery area.The concept model of the urban social mosaic exhibits generally a zonal pattern with the synthesis of sector and zonal pattern.The inner ring-belt is the old core composed of the native residents.The middle ring-belt is transitional.The outer ring-belt is composed of the agricultural areas.We consider that the market-oriented reform,Nanjing urban planning,the history of the city development,and its physical geography are the main formation mechanism.