对完善我国鉴定人制度的思考

Reflections on Perfecting the Identifier System in China

鉴定人在诉讼中的法律性质即鉴定人在诉讼中的地位,是鉴定人制度中的核心问题。在大陆法系国家,缺乏一种充分的交叉询问机制对鉴定结论的真实性、客观性进行质证;而英美法系国家鉴定人的中立性和客观性有所丧失,鉴定结论也沦为控辩双方胜诉的有利手段,其真实性大打折扣。我国的民事鉴定制度已确立"以职权主义为基础,以当事人主义为补充"的目标模式,应吸收英美法系专家证人制度中的一些具体做法加以完善,要强调鉴定人应具备专业特长和实践经验,解决"隐性鉴定人"问题,完善质证认证程序和鉴定人责任机制,同时逐步建立鉴定人的执业保险制度。

It is the key point that the identifier＇s legal character in action is the position of identifier in action. In continental legal system states, it is the lack of a mechanism fro cross inquiry to guarantee the reality and objectivity of the conclusion; in common taw states, the value of identification conclusion is reduced because of the losing of neutrality and objectivity on the part of the identifier and becomes an advantage means of the successful party. Chinese civil identification system has set up the objective model of ＂taking the inquisitorial system as the base and making the complement with adversary system＂ , we should absorb some factors in the system of expert witness of common law system to perfect it. At the same time, we should emphasize that the identifier should be qualified in specialty and in experience to solve the problem of ＂invisible identifier＂. With such efforts, we can perfect the evidence confirmation program and responsibility system of identifier and build up the profession insurance system of identifiers.