生命 经历 语言

Life,Experience and Language

西方人一直喜欢二分法,比如物理学与形而上学、自然科学与人文科学、自然界与历史-社会等等。威廉.狄尔泰不赞同这种划分,因为这仅仅是从方法论出发的人为结果,不是本体论的。他运用生命概念将自然界和人文世界(历史-社会)统一起来,而这一切的基础则是人的经历;他强调人与世界、个体与社会、特殊与一般、动态与静态的统一。在此基础上,文章将人与世界统一于人的语言,进而把同语言对应的人的世界划分为外在物理世界、内在隐秘世界和主观创造世界,旨在为语言学和语言哲学的进一步系统研究奠定基础。

Western people like dichotomy, for example, physics and metaphysics, natural science and humanities, natural world and history-society, etc. Wilhelm Dihhey is against this division since it is the man-made result from methodology, not from ontology. He identifies the natural world with the human world （history-society） by using the concept of life, and all this is based on human beings＇ experiences. He emphasizes the identification of human beings and the world, the individual and the society, the specific and the general, the dynamic and the static. On this basis, the paper integrates human beings and the world into human beings＇ language, and divides human being＇s world related with language into external physical world, inner secret world and subjective creative world, so as to set a basis for the further systematic research of linguistics and philosophy of language.