早期干预对低出生体重儿体格及神经心理发育的影响

Effects of early intervention on physical constitution and neuropsychological development of low birth weight infants

目的:探讨早期干预对低出生体重患儿存活后体格及神经心理发育的影响。方法:将74例低出生体重患儿分为有系统干预的甲组54例和未干预乙组20例,两组基本情况比较无显著性差异;另设正常足月儿30例为对照组(丙组)。3组均进行体格发育及神经系统检查、0～6岁小儿神经心理发育量表测定、早期干预、药物治疗及物理治疗等综合疗法。结果:身长、体重、头围乙组明显低于甲、丙组(P<0.01),甲组与丙组体重、头围无显著性差异(P>0.05);发育商丙组高于甲组7分、乙组21分,甲组高于乙组14分(P<0.01);"四病"发病率甲组明显低于乙组(P<0.05),甲组与丙组无显著性差异。结论:早期干预可促进低出生体重儿体格及神经心理发育,减少"四病"发病,干预越早效果越好。

Objective： To explore the effects of early intervention on physical constitution and neuropsychological development of low birth weight infants. Methods： 30 normal infants （ group m ） and 74 low birth weight infants divided into intervention group （ group Ⅰ, 54 cases ） and non - intervention group （ group Ⅱ , 20 cases） were included in the study. Physical constitution and neuropsychological development of 3 groups were detected by Psychomotor Developmental Diagnostic Scale of Children aged 0 - 6 years. Results ： Height, weight and head circumference of group Ⅱ were lower than those of group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ （ P 〈 0. 01 ） , there was no significant difference in weight and head circumference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ（ P 〉 0. 05 ） ; Development quotient of group m was higher than those of group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ , while development quotient of group I was higher than that of group Ⅱ （ P 〈0. 01 ） ; the morbidities of pneumonia, anemia, rickets and protein - energy malnutrition of group Ⅰ were lower than those of group Ⅱ （ P 〈 0. 05 ） , but there was no significant difference between group Ⅰ and group Ⅲ. Conclusion： Early intervention could promote the development of physical constitution and neuropsychology in low birth weight infants and reduce the morbidities of pneumonia, anemia, rickets and protein - energy malnutrition.