一种脂多糖类生物乳化降黏剂

A crude oil viscosity reducer made of lipo-polysaccharide bio-emulsifier

采用选择性培养和原油平板培养方法,以南堡35-2稠油为碳源,在南堡35-2油田污水中分离出一株产脂多糖类生物乳化剂的醋酸钙不动杆菌BH-1。研究了该脂多糖类生物乳化剂的理化性质及对南堡35-2稠油的乳化降黏性能,研究结果表明该脂多糖类生物乳化剂的表面张力为57 mN/m,质量分数0.1%的乳化剂溶液可使等体积的煤油完全乳化。在90℃高温下,乳化剂对煤油的乳化效率为80%;30℃时,在Na+150 g/L、Ca2+1 g/L、Mg2+1 g/L、总矿化度101 g/L条件下,其对煤油的乳化效率仍能达到86%以上;质量分数为0.2%的乳化剂溶液能与南堡35-2稠油形成稳定的O/W型乳状液,使原油黏度从2 750 mPa.s降至453.8 mPa.s,降黏率达到83.5%。这些特点有利于稠油的乳化降黏开采和输送。

A calcium acetate Acinetobacter BH - 1 that can produce lipo - polysaccharide bio - emulsifier was separated from waste water of Nanbu 35 -2 oil field by selective culture and crude oil plate culture method using Nanbu 35 - 2 crude oil as the sole carbon source. Physical and chemical properties and emulsifying viscosity reducing performance of the emulsifier were studied. Results showed that surface tension of the lipo - polysaccharide bio - emulsifier is 57 mN/m. The emulsifier solution with concentration of 0. 1% can emulsify same volume of kerosene completely. Under 90 ℃, the emulsifying efficiency of the emulsifier achieves 80%. Under 30 ℃, as Na ^＋ 150 g/L, Ca^2＋ 1 g/L, Mg^2＋ 1 g/L and total degree of mineralization achieves 101 g/L, the emulsifying efficiency on kerosene can still achieve higher than 86%. The emulsifier solution with concentration of 0. 2% can form stable O/W emulsion with Nanbu 35 -2 thick oil that reduces the viscosity of the crude oil from 2 750 mPa · s to 453.8 mPa · s. The viscosity reduction efficiency can achieve 83.5%. Such feature is useful for exploit and transportation of thick crude oil.