新疆小麦品种高分子量谷蛋白亚基及相关品质基因的分子标记检测

Characterization of Xinjiang Local and Intoduced Wheat Germplasm for High Molecular Weight Glutenin Subunits and Quality-Related Genes with Molecular Markers

高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基、1B·1R易位系、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性及黄色素含量等基因对小麦加工品质有重要影响,准确、快速鉴定这些基因对品质改良有重要意义。本研究对新疆当地及国内外引进的321份小麦品种进行SDS-PAGE分析,利用特异性分子标记对高分子量谷蛋白亚基中的Dx5、Bx7、By8、By9亚基、1B·1R易位系、PPO和黄色素含量基因进行鉴定,进一步验证分子标记检测的可靠性和准确性,为优质小麦分子标记辅助育种提供材料和方法。SDS-PAGE分析表明,供试材料有21种亚基类型,其中Glu-A1位点有3种类型,以null为主;G1u-B1位点有10种类型,Bx7+By8和Bx7+By9亚基占主导地位;Glu-D1位点有8种类型,Dx2+Dy12和Dx5+Dy10占主导地位。分子标记检测表明,Dx5亚基的频率为38.3%,Bx7亚基的频率为85.7%,By8亚基的频率为38.9%,Bx9亚基的频率为42.7%;特异性PCR标记扩增与SDS-PAGE鉴定结果的吻合率分别为97.2%、98.4%、93.4%和97.2%。在新疆当地品种、其他国内品种和国外品种中,1B·1R易位系材料的频率分别为22.0%、31.5%和25.0%,Psy-A1b的频率分别为9.0%、10.8%和5.4%,Ppo-A1b的频率分别为38.0%、43.8%和45.7%,Ppo-D1a的频率分别为48.0%、66.9%和40.2%。同时含Ppo-A1b和Ppo-D1a的材料有74份,占23.0%。本试验中采用的基因特异性标记重复性好、准确率高,可有效用于小麦品质分子标记辅助选择。

High molecular weight glutenin subunits （HMW-GS）, 1B-1R translocation, polyphenol oxidase （PPO） activities, and yellow pigment content are mostly correlated with the processing quality of common wheat （Triticum aestivum L.）. An accurate and fast characterization of these genes is of great importance in the improvement of wheat quality. In this study, a total of 321 wheat genotypes, including 100 Xinjiang local wheat cultivars, 130 introductions from other provinces of China, and 91 introductions from other countries, were analyzed by SDS-PAGE method. In addition, the functional markers of Dx5, Bx7, By8, By9, 1B-1R, PPO16, PPO18, PPO29, and YP7A were used to detect their allelic variations. Twenty-one subunit combinations were found according to the SDS-PAGE data, three types at Glu-A1 locus with null as a major subunit, 10 types at Glu-B1 locus with Bx7＋By8 and Bx7＋By9 as major subunits, and eight types at Glu-D1 locus with Dx2＋Dy12 and Dx5＋Dy10 as major subunits. The frequencies of the Dx5, Bx7, By8, and Bx9 subunits revealed by functional markers were 38.3%, 85.7%, 38.9%, and 42.7%, respectively, with 97.2%, 98.4%, 93.4%, and 97.2% of consistency with SDS-PAGE results, respectively. Eighty-six genotypes had 1B-1R translocations, with 22.0% in Xinjiang local cultivars, 31.5% in the introductions from other provinces of China, and 25.0% in those from other countries, respectively. The frequencies of Psy-Alb detected by YP7A marker were 9.0%, 10.8%, and 5.4% among three group genotypes, respectively. The PPO18 marker for the Ppo-Al locus yielded Ppo-Alb allele with frequencies of 38.0%, 43.8%, and 45.7% among three group genotypes, respectively. The Ppo-Dla allele frequencies were 48.0%, 66.9%,and 40.2% among three group genotypes, respectively, according to the PPO16 and PPO29 markers at Ppo-D1 locus. However, only 74 genotypes contained Ppo-Alb and Ppo-Dla alleles at both loci, accounting for 23.0% of the genotypes. The functional markers applied in this study were repeatable, accurate and stable, and can be effectively used in wheat quality breeding.