野生植物汁液对作物营养效应的研究

EFFECTS OF WILD PLANT SAPS ON CROPS NUTRITION

采用土培试验与化学分析方法研究了３种野生植物汁液对绿豆和玉米生长的营养效应。结果表明，野生植物汁液提高绿豆植株干重、根系活力、磷含量和叶绿素含量，以Ｃ汁液对植株干重提高量最大，达１６５％～２６０％；Ｂ、Ｃ汁液提高绿豆根系活力２５４％～１１０２％。３种野生植物汁液处理的玉米植株干重差异不明显，但却显著提高根系活力和过氧化氢酶活性。

The study area abounds with wild plant resources which may supply sufficient nutrive materials to crops for they contain many active organic materials, nutritious matter and mineral elements. However, several wild plants were only utilized as green manure in the past, therefore a great deal of natural plant resources have been wasted greatly. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the nutrition effects of saps in three wild plants, i.e Galium L.(A), Sambucus L.(B) and Coryza Less (C) on gram and maize at different concentrations (0, 1∶30, 1∶60, 1∶90) in pot culture experiment, and obtain new resources of plant nutrition and some important information for extensive utilization of wild plant resources in China. Results indicated that obvious stimulation of gram and maize plant height by sap A related to high levels of ZT and GA3 in the sap, and improvement of gram plant growth by sap C was due to high concentration of N, P and K in the sap. The increase of gram above ground and root dry weight by sap C was greater than that of maize by sap A and C, dry weight of gram plant was diminished by sap B and A at high concentration (1∶30). Sap B and C enhanced the activity of crop roots which amounted to 88.7%～213 2% for maize, and to 25 4%～110 2% for gram. It showed that there was a coincidence with high levels of Zn and IAA in sap B as well as high concentration of inorganic nutrient (N, P, K and Cu) in sap C. Except B 1∶30 treatment, the others raised the activity of catalase in maize plant, but there was little change to that of gram plant, showing the same change tendency in root activity of the two crops. Wild plant sap decreased total content of maize chlorophyll, whereas it increased total content of chlorophyll to 15 5%～38.5% and the content of chlorophyll b to 16.5%～50 5%. The obvious increase in content of P, total P uptake in gram plant and the content of K, total K uptake in maize plant by saps of the three wild plants indicated the existence of the differences of the two crop species in ultizing the nutrient in soil and wild plant sap under soil culture conditions.